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result(s) for
"Mojžišová, Michaela"
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Long-term changes in the prevalence of the crayfish plague pathogen and its genotyping in invasive crayfish species in Czechia
2022
The widespread presence of North American alien crayfish in Europe is a major driver of native crayfish population declines, mainly because they are chronic carriers of the oomycete
Aphanomyces astaci
responsible for crayfish plague. Screening for the crayfish plague pathogen in host populations has become a common practice across Europe, but sampling usually covers spatial but not temporal variation. Our study focuses on the current situation in Czechia, where screening for
A. astaci
was first conducted in the mid-2000s. We provide data about the distribution and prevalence of this pathogen at almost 50 sites with three host crayfish: the spiny-cheek crayfish
Faxonius limosus
, signal crayfish
Pacifastacus leniusculus
, and marbled crayfish
Procambarus virginalis
. Among these sites were 20 localities that were resampled several years (usually more than a decade) after the original screening for
A. astaci
. We did not detect any
A. astaci
infection in two studied
P. virginalis
populations but documented several new hotspots of highly infected
P. leniusculus
in Czechia, and the first site with the coexistence of the latter with
F. limosus
. Our data suggest that despite some fluctuations,
A. astaci
prevalence in North American host populations generally does not tend to change significantly over time; we only observed two cases of a significant increase and one of a significant decrease. We no longer detected
A. astaci
in several originally weakly infected populations, but our data suggest it likely still persists in these areas and threatens native crayfish populations. At the single known site in the country where
P. leniusculus
and
F. limosus
coexist, we documented the presence of the same
A. astaci
genotype group in both crayfish species, likely due to interspecific transmission of the pathogen from the former host to the latter. However, genotyping of
A. astaci
in infected host individuals still supported the link between specific pathogen genotypes and crayfish hosts, suggesting that assessment of sources of mass mortalities from the pathogen genotyping is feasible in European regions where the mutual contact of different American crayfish species is uncommon.
Journal Article
Slovak section of the Danube has its well-established breeding ground of marbled crayfish Procambarus fallax f. virginalis
by
Bláha, Martin
,
Petrusek, Adam
,
Christophoryová, Jana
in
Aphanomyces astaci
,
aquatic invasion
,
asexual reproduction
2017
Established populations of the non-indigenous parthenogenetically reproducing marbled crayfish Procambarus fallax f. virginalis have been recently reported from various European countries. The colonised sites are usually lentic and relatively isolated from major watercourses and in such cases the immediate threat of the spread of this taxon is limited. Here we report on a marbled crayfish population that is likely to become a seed for colonisation of the Danube in Slovakia. It is located in a channel within the Slovak capital Bratislava in the immediate vicinity of a pumping station that occasionally releases significant amounts of water into the side arm of the Danube. The population is well established with a high growth potential: numerous adult marbled crayfish individuals were observed at the site in September and October 2016 and the progeny (eggs or first two developmental stages) of 27 berried females exceeded 11 000 individuals. The maximum observed fecundity per female reached 647 juveniles in the second developmental stage. The Danube side arm downstream of the pumping station harbours a population of spiny-cheek crayfish Orconectes limosus infected with the crayfish plague pathogen Aphanomyces astaci. We presume that marbled crayfish is already present below the pumping station and it is just a matter of effort and time until it is discovered. The investigated specimens of marbled crayfish were found free of A. astaci, but horizontal transmission from infected spiny-cheek crayfish may be expected, as well as further spread of marbled crayfish in the Danube.
Journal Article
PETER KONWITSCHNY’S MUSICOLOGICALLY ERUDITE OPERA DIRECTION
2022
Besides the left-wing commitment of their ideological interpretations, the productions of the German director Peter Konwitschny are characterized by the appearance of some recognizable, constantly occurring signs which have acquired the semantic meaning of isotopies during the almost four decades of his opera directing activities. In this study, the author focuses on the procedures typical of the director’s work, which are directly derived from the musical material of the staged scores. On the example of some selected productions, she de?monstrates that, although Konwitschny often interprets operas in the context of their staging tradition provocatively, his musicological erudition enhances the ideological and aesthetic values of his directorial argumentation.
Journal Article